Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Carrier free oral Co-delivery of atorvastatin via baicalein-copper-network for atherosclerosis therapy through senescence reversal and multi-mechanistic synergy

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.036

Figure Lengend Snippet: Reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity of CMA. (A) H 2 O 2 (100 μM) scavenging capacity CMA at 2 h. (B) O 2 − scavenging capacity of CMA at 40 min. (C) •OH scavenging capacity of CMA at 1 min. (D) DPPH (100 μg mL -1 ) scavenging capacity of CMA at 1 h. (E) Fluorescence images of RAW264.7 cells treated with CMA and LPS + IFN-γ for 24 h. Intracellular ROS were stained with DCFH-DA (Green), and nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar = 50 μm. (F) Quantitative analysis of mean DCFH-DA fluorescence intensity. Flow cytometric analysis of ROS expression in: (G) RAW264.7: CMA + LPS; (H) RAW264.7: CMA; (I) SMC: CMA; (J) HUVEC: CMA; (K) RAW264.7: CMA + BAPTA; (L) SMC: CMA + BAPTA; (M) HUVEC: CMA + BAPTA. All treatments were conducted for 24 h. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3–6; ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Baicalein (BAI), copper chloride (CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O), and Atorvastatin (ATV) were purchased from Macklin Inc. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), recombinant mouse interferon γ (IFN-γ), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), dihydroethidium (DHE), DiI-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (DiI-oxLDL), hematoxylin-eosin (H & E) stain kit, modified Masson's trichrome stain kit, and modified Oil Red O stain kit were obtained from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Cy5-baicalein was purchased from Xi'an Qiyue Biology.

Techniques: Fluorescence, Staining, Expressing

Journal: Bioactive Materials

Article Title: Carrier free oral Co-delivery of atorvastatin via baicalein-copper-network for atherosclerosis therapy through senescence reversal and multi-mechanistic synergy

doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.12.036

Figure Lengend Snippet: Macrophage reprogramming ability of CMA. (A) Representative optical images of RAW264.7. Scale bar = 50 μm. (B) Confocal laser scanning microscopy images of RAW264.7 cells stained with CD206 antibody, with nuclei counterstained with DAPI. Scale bar = 50 μm. (C) Quantitative analysis of mean CD206 fluorescence intensity. (D) Flow cytometric analysis of CD206 expression in RAW264.7 treated with BAI, Cu-PBS, Cu-MON, ATV, and CMA for 24 h. (E) Relative expression levels of Arg-1, VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-1β in cell supernatants. (F) Flow cytometry scatter plots of iNOS and CD206 expression in RAW264.7 pretreated with LPS + IFN-γ for 24 h followed by treatment with BAI, Cu-PBS, Cu-MON, ATV, and CMA for 24 h. (G–I) Flow cytometric analysis of M1/M2 expression (MFI ratio), iNOs expression, CD206 expression in RAW264.7. (J) Relative expression levels of TGF-β, Arg-1, VEGF, TNF-α, and IL-1β in supernatants from cells treated as in F. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 3–6 independent experiments). Statistical significance: ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗∗∗P < 0.0001 versus Control; ns = not significant.

Article Snippet: Baicalein (BAI), copper chloride (CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O), and Atorvastatin (ATV) were purchased from Macklin Inc. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), recombinant mouse interferon γ (IFN-γ), oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), dihydroethidium (DHE), DiI-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (DiI-oxLDL), hematoxylin-eosin (H & E) stain kit, modified Masson's trichrome stain kit, and modified Oil Red O stain kit were obtained from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Cy5-baicalein was purchased from Xi'an Qiyue Biology.

Techniques: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Staining, Fluorescence, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Control

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Multiple-pathway cGAS-STING activation with enhanced mild photothermal therapy through glycolysis regulation for boosting gastric cancer immunotherapy

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102790

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vitro antitumor efficacy of the nanoparticles, ICD induction, and activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. Uptake of MOMn and MOMn@MB by MFC cells at (a) 4 and (b) 6 h. (c) Calcein-AM/PI and (d) JC-1 staining fluorescence images of MFC cells after treatment with different groups. Cytotoxicity analysis of MFC cells treated with (e) MO@MB and (f) MOMn@MB. Western blot analysis of (g) glycolysis pathway related proteins and (h) HSP70/90 in MFC cells treated with different nanoparticles. (i) CLSM images of CRT exposure on the surface of MFC cells after different treatments. (j) DNA damage assessment via γ-H2AX immunostaining in MFC cells treated with different nanoparticles. Levels of (k) lactate, (l) ATP, (m) HMGB1, and (n) IFN-β in MFC cells treated with different nanoparticles. (o) Western blot analysis of cGAS-STING pathway related proteins with different treatment. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001. G1-G6 are denoted as Control, NIR Laser, MO@MB, MO@MB + NIR Laser, MOMn@MB, and MOMn@MB + NIR Laser groups, respectively.

Article Snippet: The mouse HMGB1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and mouse interferon-β (IFN-β) ELISA kit were purchased from Wuhan Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

Techniques: In Vitro, Activation Assay, Staining, Fluorescence, Western Blot, Immunostaining, Control

Journal: Materials Today Bio

Article Title: Multiple-pathway cGAS-STING activation with enhanced mild photothermal therapy through glycolysis regulation for boosting gastric cancer immunotherapy

doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2026.102790

Figure Lengend Snippet: DC maturation and activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. (a) Schematic diagram of the extraction from BMDCs to DC maturation and the Transwell assay. Created by Biorender. (b) Expression of CD80 and CD86 quantitatively determined by flow cytometry analysis with different treatments, and (c) the average DC maturation rate based on the results. (d) The levels of IFN-β in DC cells with different treatments. (e) Western blot analysis was employed to evaluate the expression of cGAS-STING pathway-related proteins in DC cells across different treatments. ∗ p < 0.05, ∗∗ p < 0.01, ∗∗∗ p < 0.001. G1-G6 are denoted as Control, NIR Laser, MO@MB, MO@MB + NIR Laser, MOMn@MB, and MOMn@MB + NIR Laser groups, respectively.

Article Snippet: The mouse HMGB1 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and mouse interferon-β (IFN-β) ELISA kit were purchased from Wuhan Elabscience Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Extraction, Transwell Assay, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Western Blot, Control